By Jason Watson (Google+) Posted November 23, 2018
Should you pay Junior to vacuum? Perhaps. While most parents can’t get their kids to clean a counter or put away dishes, perhaps putting kids to work at the office is a good option.
Tax Advantages There are some minor tax advantages to paying your children- for example, you can pay your child $12,000 in wages, and since the standard deduction for 2018 is $12,000 the child will have not have any taxable income. This will not affect your ability to take the tax exemption for your child, another bonus. If you pay yourself this income through a shareholder distribution and you are in the 10% tax bracket, you will unnecessarily pay about $636 in income taxes (since payroll taxes are 15.3% and your tax savings is 10%, 5.3% x 12,000 is $636).
Your kids are going to take your money anyways- might as well make it tax-advantaged. Using our example above, your tax savings must exceed your tax costs. Simply put, your marginal tax rate must exceed 15.3%.
You could also pay your child more money since their tax bracket is probably lower than yours. After payroll is processed, they can gift up to $15,000 per year back to you. Almost hard to say with a straight face.
For regular LLCs, if your child is under 18, the business does not have to pay employment taxes such as Social Security, Medicare and Workers’ Compensation Insurance. You can also avoid Unemployment taxes until the child turns 21. But for S Corps and C Corps, Social Security and Medicare taxes are paid regardless of age.
Retirement Accounts Your child can contribute to a retirement account and reduce your taxes. Seriously? Seriously!
For example, a 14 year old can have an IRA or a Roth IRA and contribute 100% of earned wages up the maximum contribution. And since the wages to the child are a direct business expense, this reduces your overall taxable income (lower S Corporation income, lower pass-through income, and lower shareholder taxes).
The standard deduction and IRA limits are for 2019.
There are several things at play here. First, Junior must actually work and this is the biggest bone of contention with the IRS. So, get that squared away. Second, Junior and the business will pay 15.3% in payroll taxes, which represent their portions of Social Security and Medicare. Non-refundable, can’t avoid it. Therefore the 15.3% is a reduction in available cash and it decreases Mom and Dad’s savings.
But since Junior’s marginal rate is zero, the 15.3% might still less than Mom and Dad’s marginal tax rate (22% and beyond). Wait! There’s more! Mom and Dad still get the dependent exemption on their joint tax returns. A win-win.
Another issue to consider is support. If Junior is 18 or younger, it doesn’t matter. But if Junior is going to college and Mom and Dad are paying him to work at the family business, in order for Mom and Dad to take the dependent exemption of Junior, they must provide over half of the Junior’s support. This gets tricky, but there are easy arguments for it.
So, there is real savings and Junior is already saving for retirement.
A Roth IRA contribution is not deductible while an IRA contribution is, which is why the IRA scenario can have a higher salary. There is not a minimum age for an IRA or Roth IRA- you simply need to have earned income to contribute. And Yes, the money is the child’s so when Junior turns 18 and wants to blow it on a new car, it’s gone plus penalty. You can’t fix everyone.
Company-Sponsored Retirement Plan A company-sponsored plan could be a SIMPLE, SEP or 401k plan. The usual age for these types of plans is 21, but the plan may be created or adopted to be as low as 14 years of age. So if you hire your 14 year old and you also have a 19 year old working for the business, that 19-year old suddenly becomes eligible if your company-sponsored plan allows 14 year-olds. There are hours of service thresholds you could implement as well.
But setting up the 401lk plan correctly allows your child to contribute $18,000 to a 401k or the maximum limits on SIMPLE’s and SEP’s which can be significant. In turn the business gets an instant deduction and the kid gets your money, albeit a bit early.
Conceivably, your child could have a $36,500 salary and contribute all kinds of money to his or her 401k plan and IRA-
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